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| Registros recuperados: 16 | |
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| Blaylock, James R.; Smallwood, David M.. |
| This paper introduces a new method for defining poverty lines based on an individual' s self-evaluation of the household's present situation. The proposed method focuses on the minimum household income necessary to purchase food supplies evaluated by society to be barely adequate. The method is especially useful for evaluation and comparing poverty thresholds derived from different methods. It is also valuable for comparing the official U.S. poverty guidelines across households of different sizes. The approach can be extended to include estimation of thresholds differentiated by various household characteristics and comparison of thresholds across these characteristics. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 1986 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32536 |
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| Smallwood, David M.; Blaylock, James R.. |
| A two equation model is developed to examine jointly the determinants of household food stamp program participation and program effects on food expenditures. The model is unique in that it postulates that the participation decision is based on a cost-benefit ratio, selected socioeconomic characteristics, and the potential for increasing both food and nonfood expenditures. Data from the 1977-78 USDA Nationwide Food Consumption Survey Supplemental Low Income Sample is used to estimate the model. Findings suggest that households, in making the participation decision place equal value on the potential for increasing their food and nonfood expenditures. However, at the margin, bonus stamp income is found to have more than twice the impact of money income on... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 1985 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32513 |
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| Blaylock, James R.; Smallwood, David M.. |
| This paper analyzes the influence of error-term specification and functional form on a quarterly demand model for beef. The Box-Cox transformation is used to generalize the functional form while the equation error term is postulated to be both heteroskedastic and autoregressive. Results indicated that both functional form and error-term specification can play a major role in elasticity estimation, elasticity behavior, and hypothesis testing. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis. |
| Ano: 1983 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32488 |
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| Guthrie, Joanne F.; Andrews, Margaret S.; Frazao, Elizabeth; Leibtag, Ephraim S.; Lin, Biing-Hwan; Mancino, Lisa; Nord, Mark; Prell, Mark A.; Smallwood, David M.; Variyam, Jayachandran N.; Ver Ploeg, Michele. |
| Food stamp recipients, like other Americans, struggle with nutrition problems associated with choice of foods, as well as amounts. This series of Economic Information Bulletins compiles evidence to help answer the question of whether the Food Stamp Program can do more to improve the food choices of participants. It examines the role of affordability and price of healthful foods in influencing food choices and the likely success of any policy targeted at changing food choices through food stamp bonuses or restrictions. It also examines other approaches to changing food choices, including nutrition education and potential strategies drawn from behavioral economics literature. Meaningful improvements in the diets of food stamp recipients will likely depend on... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program; Food consumption; Food prices; Food expenditures; Nutrition education; Behavioral economics; Food choices; Diet; Health; Fruits and vegetables; Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program; FANRP; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59417 |
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| Kaufman, Phillip R.; MacDonald, James M.; Lutz, Steve M.; Smallwood, David M.. |
| Low-income households may face higher food prices for three reasons: (1) on average, low-income households may spend less in supermarkets--which typically offer the lowest prices and greatest range of brands, package sizes, and quality choices; (2) low-income households are less likely to live in suburban locations where food prices are typically lower; and (3) supermarkets in low-income neighborhoods may charge higher prices than those in nearby higher income neighborhoods. Despite the prevailing higher prices, surveys of household food expenditures show that low-income households typically spend less than other households, on a per unit basis, for the foods they buy. Low-income households may realize lower costs by selecting more economical foods and... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34065 |
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| Variyam, Jayachandran N.; Blaylock, James R.; Smallwood, David M.. |
| Nutrient information and dietary data for a sample of U.S. household meal planners are used to estimate the direct and indirect effects of various dietary determinants on cholesterol intake. Holding sociodemographic and household characteristics constant, greater nutrition information translates to significantly lower intake of dietary cholesterol. Evidence supports the hypothesis that schooling promotes better health behavior through greater acquisition and use of health information. Blacks and Hispanics stand to benefit from nutrition education programs to increase their awareness of diet-health relationship. A low-calorie diet decreases the intake of cholesterol more than a low-fat diet. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31168 |
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| Blaylock, James R.; Smallwood, David M.. |
| This paper analyzed, via a multinomial logit model, the associations between household socioeconomic characteristics and the reasons eligible households give for not entering the Food Stamp Program. Data were taken from the 1979-80 Low Income Supplemental Sample of the USDA Nationwide Food Consumption Survey. Statistical analysis revealed that households either residing in suburban areas, with employed members, or whose head is a high school graduate cited a lack of information about the program as the reason for nonparticipation more frequently than their counterparts without one of these characteristics. An examination of alternative household profiles indicates that government efforts to disseminate information about the Food Stamp Program have been... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 1984 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32372 |
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| Oliveira, Victor; Frazao, Elizabeth; Smallwood, David M.. |
| The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides participating infants with free infant formula. This study estimated that between 57 and 68 percent of all infant formula sold in the United States was purchased through WIC, based on 2004-06 data, and that formula costs to the WIC program have increased. Typically, WIC State agencies receive substantial rebates from manufacturers for each can of formula provided through the program. Each WIC State agency, or group of agencies, awards a contract to the manufacturer offering the lowest net wholesale price, defined as the difference between the manufacturer’s wholesale price and the State agency’s rebate. After adjusting for inflation, net wholesale prices increased by... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Infant formula; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women; Infants and Children; WIC; Infant formula maximum daily allowance; Economic Research Service (ERS); U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA); Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59384 |
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| Variyam, Jayachandran N.; Blaylock, James R.; Smallwood, David M.; Basiotis, P. Peter. |
| A comprehensive model is developed to measure the extent that nutrition knowledge and diet-health awareness, among other factors, influence an individual's Healthy Eating Index (HEI), USDA's measure of overall diet quality. This is the first study that rigorously attempts to examine variation in the index across population groups by controlling for personal and household characteristics and nutrition information levels, as well as test for the endogeneity of nutrition information. Results indicate that one's level of nutrition information has an important influence on one's HEI and that nutrition information and the HEI are simultaneously determined. Other factors explaining variations in HEI's across individuals are income and education levels, race,... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Diet quality; Healthy Eating Index; Nutrient demand; Nutrition knowledge; Health inputs; Health production; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33588 |
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| Oliveira, Victor; Prell, Mark A.; Smallwood, David M.; Frazao, Elizabeth. |
| Rebates from infant formula manufacturers to State agencies that administer the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) support over one-quarter of all WIC participants. However, concerns have been raised that WIC and its infant formula rebate program may significantly affect the infant formula prices faced by non-WIC consumers. This report presents findings from the most comprehensive national study of infant formula prices at the retail level. For a given set of wholesale prices, WIC and its infant formula rebate program resulted in modest increases in the supermarket price of infant formula, especially in States with a high percentage of WIC formula-fed infants. However, lower priced infant formulas are available to... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: WIC program; Infant formula; Cost-containment; Rebates; Food package costs; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women; Infants; And Children; Child nutrition; Food assistance; Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33873 |
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| Registros recuperados: 16 | |
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